必学I--unit 1
I---1 Friendship
1、要点
1. be good to 对……友好
be good for 对……有益；be bad to…/be bad for…
I will be good to other people.我会善良的对待别的人.
It would be good for you to spend a holiday in the sun. 在有阳光的地方度假会给你带来不少好处。
The Olympics will be good for business. 奥运会的召开或有利于商业的进步。
be good at 善于make good 有收获；成功as good as 事实上；几乎等于
a good deal 很多，很多 彻底的；完全的；痛快的to have a good drink 喝个痛快
2. add up 加起来
add up to 合计，总计
add… to 把……加到…… add to 增加
Add up your score and see how many points you get? 把你的分数加起来，看看得多少？
Some people can add up quite easily in their heads, but not all.
Good friends do not add up what they do for each other; instead they offer help when it is needed.
The figures add up to 270. 这类数字加起来是270。
You shouldn't add fuel to the flame 你不应该火上加油
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night. 焰火使节日的夜晚愈加生色。
The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors’ difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。
Your friend can not go until he finishes cleaning his bike.
not…until/till 意思是“直到…才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始，动词既能够是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的。
They did not come back until eleven. 他们会在十一点后回来。
I did not notice it until yesterday.我一直到昨天才重视到它。
4. You had to pay to get it repaired
get sth done 使……完成/让某人做某事
5. You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely!
calm …down使平息, 使平静
calm down平息/平静下来
The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的孩子不多一会就安静下来。
It was a long time before he managed to calm himself down. 过了很长时间他才努力使自己冷静下来。
We tried to calm him down, but he kept crying.
大家试图让他平静下来，但他仍不停地哭着。
6. Tell your friend that you are concerned about him. be concerned about关心，挂念
He was very concerned about his children's education. 他非常关心他儿子的教育。
Please don’t be concerned about me.请别为我操心。
Why is she so concerned about his attitude to her work? 她为何那样关注他对她的工作的怎么看？
7. Your friend has gone on holiday and asked you to take care of his dog.
go on holiday 度假
be on holiday 正在休假
What fun it will be when we all go on holiday together.大家大伙一块去度假那可太有意思了.
take care of 爱惜，照料
take care 注意，当心
You are not strong, so you may as well take care of your health. 你的体格不壮，因此最好注意健康。
8. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose. 在遛狗的时候，你一粗心松开了手中的狗链。
当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。
walk sb home/ to a place: 为保证安全而陪某人去某地 It’s late ---- let me walk you home.
9. take one’s end-of-term exam 参加期末考试? ???
10. 3) Your friend, who doesn’t work hard, asks you to help him cheat in the end-of-term exam.（非限制性定语从句）
cheat in the exam 考试作弊
11. look at someone else’s paper 看其他人的试题
12. make a list of reasons 列举一些缘由
13. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
14. go through遭遇；历程；熬过；用光；获准，通过
It can go through the test of the time. 它能经受时间的考验.
She knew that she had got to go through all the difficulties with her family.
He would go through fire and water for his country. 他愿为国家赴汤蹈火。
15. hide away??躲藏；隐藏
16. I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do,…我不愿像大部分人一样在日记中记流水账，……
Why don't you set your ideas down on paper?
We have had a series of stormy days when we were on the island.
The police asked him to set down what he had seen in a report. 警察让他在报告中写下他所看见的事情。
16. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不了解这是否由于我长久没办法外出的原故，我变得对所有与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
17. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.??我记得很了解，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
18. I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.
有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是一个人好好看看月亮一次。
19. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn't dare open a window.但由于月光太亮了，我不敢打开窗户。
She speaks French far better than I, so I don't dare talk with her in French.
20. I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 黄昏时我碰巧在楼上，那时窗户是开着的。
sth happen to sb 某人发生某事
What happened to him?
sb happen to do sth 某人碰巧做某事? ?正巧 it so happened that 。。。
It happened that he was seen by his father. = He happened to be seen by his father.
他碰巧被他爸爸看见了。
As I was about to go out and search for him, he happened to come in. 正当我计划出去找他时，他恰巧进去。
The street lights go on at dusk. 街上的路段在傍晚时分亮起来。
21. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来首次目睹夜晚。
It is the first that…
It was the first that…
the first time 可作从属连词用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart sTOPped.
It was the first time that I talked with a foreigner face to face.
I think we need a face-to-face talk so as to clear the misunderstanding.
I have often heard of her. Actually, I've never met her face to face.
22. in one’s power 处于……的控制之中
I have got him in my power. I can ask him to do anything I want. 我控制了他，我可以让他为我做任何事。
23. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这类已不再是乐趣，由于大自然是你需要亲身体验的。
It’s no good/ use doing sth. 做某事时没用的。
24. She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.
25. suffer from 患…病; 受…苦痛;遭受
Most of the important cities of the world suffer from traffic jam. 世界上大部分大城市都交通堵塞为患。
26. It was such fun to watch it run loose in the park.
27. I’ve got tired of looking nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.
28. I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly.
29. Mum asked her if she was very hot with so many clothes on.
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/介词短语/不定式/副词在句中常作随着状语。动词形式的选择取决于宾语同动词之间的逻辑关系。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
30. have some trouble with sb or sth. 在……上遇见了麻烦
I have some trouble with my studies.
31. get along … with sb/sth. 与某人相处如何/某事进展怎么样？
If you have some trouble getting along with your friends, you can write to the editor and ask for advice. 假如你在和朋友的相处上有问题，你可以写信给编辑向他征求建议。
32. This has made me angry.
…he made her diary her best friend…
make 后接复合宾语，宾语补足语须用不带to 的不定式、形容词、过去分词、名词等。容易见到的有以下几种形式:
make sb. do sth.让某人做某事。He was made to repeat it.
make sb. /sth. +adj.使某人/物…We should do our best to make our country stronger and more beautiful.
make sb./ oneself +v-ed 让某人/自己被…When you speak, you should make yourself understood.
make sb.+n. 使某人成为…
make it n. /adj.+ to do sth. We made him leader of our team.
He made it easy for us to understand the text.
33. I’m not good at communicating with people.
34. Although I tried to talk to my classmates, I still found it hard to make friends with them.
35. I do want to change this situation, but I don’t know how.
36. Mr. Jones lives alone and often feels lonely. 琼斯先生单独一生活活，常常感到孤独。
37. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.? ?假如你给我提些建议，我会很感谢的。??（I would be grateful if…??委婉客气提出请求）
38. join in discussions and show interest in other people’s ideas
39. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.? ?记日记对你来讲是个好习惯。
40. Why not have a try?
41.True friends are like wine; the older, the better.
42. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
43. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
必学I--unit 2
I---II English around the world
1、要点
1. go to the pictures去看电影（美）；go to the movies 去看电影（英）
2. …list the countries that use English as an official language 列举把英语用作官方语言的国家
3. the road to …通向……的道路
4. at the end of在……末端，在……尽头，by the end最后（=finally）
5. because of 由于…… （注意和because 有什么区别）
Many beautiful fish are fast disappearing because of the severe pollution.由于污染紧急，很多漂亮的鱼类正在面临绝种。
An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.
争论是不可防止的，由于他们彼此很厌恶。
6. native English speakers 以英语作为母语的人
7. even if 即便，用来引导一个让步状语从句，后面既可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，但even if/even though,引导的从句中不需要以后时。如：Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we will leave for Beijing.
8. come up 走上前来，走近，发生，出现 come up with 追上，赶上，提出
9. Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.事实上，当不同文化相互交流渗透时，所有些语言都会有所进步、有所变化。
10. be different from… 与……不同
be different in … 在……不同
Most of my projects will be wildly different in performance from one night to the next.
我多数作品天天晚上的演奏风格都各不相同。
As we know, Britain English is a little different from American English.中所周知，英国英语和美国英语有点不同。
11. be based on 以……为基础The relationship between our two countries is based upon mutual respect. 两个国家的关系以相互尊重为基础。This book is based on a true story that happened in the 1930s. 这本书以发生在20世纪三十年代的真实故事为基础。 The reporter asked the writer who he based his character on. 记者问作家他作品的人物是以哪个为原型的。
12. at present 现在，眼下be present at 在席；出席present sth to sb / present sb with sth把……推荐，呈现……for the present眼前；暂时present oneself 出席；到场
13. make use of
We have a lot of work to do, so we have to make good use of time.大家有不少工作要做，所以要好好借助时间。
14. The latter gave a separate identity to Amerian English speaking. 后者体现了美国英语的不同特点。
15. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. 譬如说， 印度拥有海量讲英语流利的人，这是应为英国于1765到1947年统治过印度。
16. such as 比如
for example In this paragraph there are many nouns, such as boy, girl, and book. 这一段里面有不少名词，比如男生、女生和书本。Many great men have risen from poverty---Lincoln, for example. 很多伟人从贫困中崛起，比如林肯。You can take your research work for example.
你可以拿你的研究工作做个例子。
17. Today, the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. 现在在中学英语的人数正在飞速增长。
18. the largest number of 大部分的
China has the largest number of people.中国有着世界上最多的人。
19. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as fluently as a native speaker. 中国人说英语非常难像以英语为母语的人说英语那样流利。
20. One reason is that English has a large vocabulary. 一个缘由是英语有非常大的词语量。
21. different English speaking countries 不一样的说英语的国家
22. sing sb a song = sing a song for sb
23. turn off
turn on
turn up
turn down
24. hold on 坚持住，握住不放；不挂断，等—会hold on to vt. 拉住
25. believe it or not 信不信由你
26. those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English 大家期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语
27. … you will hear the difference in the way（that/ in which） people speak. 你会听出大家在说话时的差异。
28. play a role/ part 在…中担任角色；在…中起用途;饰演一个角色；参与
play an important role/ part 在…中起要紧用途
Deng Xiaoping played an important part in developing the economy in China.邓小平在中国经济的进步过程中起着要紧用途。
29. from one place to another 从一个地方到另一个地方
30. the same …as… 与……一样
31. … they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects. ……他们仍然可以分辨、理解彼此的方言。
32. No problem.没问题
33. a nice fall day = a lovely autumn day
34. at the TOP of…在…顶上，在最高位，
at the bottom of 在……底部
35. keep fit
维持健康
You need exercise and keep fit.你需要运动和维持体形。
36. build up渐渐积聚，集结；逐步打造；增进，增强
bring up 教养，养育；提出
37. When you learn English, try to have fun with the language. 当学习英语的时候，努力找出语言的乐趣。
38. Visitors are requested not to take photos in the museum. 博物馆需要参观的旅客不能在馆内拍照。
39. by candle light 借用于烛光
40. be satisfied with…对……感到认可，满足于
Never be satisfied with just a little success. 不要有一点成绩就满足。
41. She suggested using CDs to listen to English songs and learn English expressions, watching the news and interviews on CCTV 9, and trying to listen to native speakers.她建议用CD来听英语歌曲和学英语短语，看新闻和中央电视台9套访谈，努力听以英语为母语的人说话。
It is suggested that ...有人建议... I suggest that ...我感觉[觉得]
I suggested you do what he says. 我建议你根据他说的去做。
I suggest you not go tomorrow. 我想你明天还是不要去了。
His pale face suggested that he was in bad health. 他苍白的脸色暗示了他身体不好。
42. at sea在海上 当海员 迷惑, 茫然by sea坐船，经海路
by the sea
在海边, 在海岸边 in the sea在海里
on the sea 在海上
beyond/over the sea在国外
She tried to understand the instructions, but she was completely at sea.
她费尽力气想了解那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。
according to … 根据…… He lives according to her means他按他的方法生活
必学I--unit 3
I---III Travel journal
1、要点
1.prefer
prefer doing to talking 喜欢做而不喜欢说
Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 这两套衣服你喜欢哪一套？
I prerer to go to America for my fruther study. 我更想选择去美国进修学习。
Anne prefers me to replace her at the meeting. 安妮更想我代替她去参加会议。
1.advantages and disadvantages 优劣
2.How do they make use of it in their daily life? 在日常他们是怎么样借助它的
3.flow through 流过，流经
4.Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅游。? ?连词since 引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，介词since 与表示过去某一点时间的词汇连用，副词since 后不需要从句或词汇。
It is/has been+一段时间+since+一般过去时自从……到今天已经多长时间了。
since then 自从那时到今天 ever since 从那将来一直
5.persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
He persuaded her to go to school, even though she did not want to. 即便她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。
grow up in western Yunnan 在云南西部长大
.After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大学毕业将来，大家终于有了机会骑自行车旅游。
8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 第一想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。
强调句型It is/was…that/who 的使用方法总结如下：
强调句型可以强调除谓语动词以外的任何句子成份。通常来讲，假如被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；假如被强调部分是物，只可以用连词that。 强调句型应防止用when, where, which 等连词。
含一般疑问句和特殊疑问句的强调句句型:
① 含一般疑问句的强调句型，其结构为：Is it+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑问句的强调句型结构形式为：特殊疑问词+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
9.schedual for the trip 旅游计划
10.be fond of 喜欢，喜欢
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最好路线并不了解，她坚持要自己把这次旅游安排得尽善尽美。 （注意1：Although conj. “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。拓展：
① although 从句多在句首， though 从句可在主句前、中、后任何地方，而且though 可以作副词用于句末，作“但，不过”讲，而although 无此使用方法。
② although 用来陈述事实而不需要于假设，所以as though，even though中不可以用although。
③ though 引导的让步状语从句可以倒装,而 although 不能。注意2：insist 在这里的意思是“坚持需要”后面的that从句用虚拟语气；假如insist 意为“强调，坚持觉得”的时候，从句可以用任何所需要的时态。比如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她强调她没说谎。另外，还可以用insist on doing sth/ sth. 必须要、坚持倡导，如：She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly她总是一大早起来把收音机音量开大。）
11.care about details 考虑细节 （The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的就是资金。
care for 喜欢，照料，照顾 I don’t really care for red wine. 我其实并不喜欢红葡萄酒。
Who will care for your child if you are out? 假如你外出了，哪个来照顾你的孩子？
12.give me a determined look给了我一个坚定的眼神
13.change one’s mind 改变主意
14.…she seemed to be excited about it. 好像看上去开心
15.an interesting experience一次有趣的历程
16.once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不可以使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。once 可作为从属连词，作“一……就……”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般目前时，目前完成时表以后。
如：once you have begin you must continue.
once printed，the book will be very popular。
17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across wetern Yunnan Province. 它穿过深谷时就变成了急流，流经云南西部。
18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 河水蜿蜒缓慢地穿过低谷，流向成长稻谷的平原。
19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他太固执，没一人能劝动他做事。
20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 不论工作多难，一个坚决的人一直努力地去完成它。
21.My grandapa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river. 我爷爷喜欢钓鱼，有时他整天在河边钓鱼。
22.I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.我喜欢那件红色的衣服不喜欢那件绿色的，由于红色的更合我的身。
23.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.音乐会顺利地进行，由于李佩组织地相当好。
24.I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted. Finally I gave in.我想付火车票成本，但我朋友坚持他付。最后我让步了。
25.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.她说服了大家不做公共汽车而是骑车去工作。
26.As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.因为双方都不让步，那天没形成决议。
27.The task was difficult, but Helen’s determined expression let me know that she would not give up.虽然工作非常难，但海伦的坚定神情使我了解她不会舍弃。
28.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close. 我多么期望我可以进行太空旅游，近距离地看看星星啊。
29.The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.首次看Steven Spieberg执导的电影“ET”时，他就下定决心也要当一名导演。
30.a large parcel of 一大包
31.We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.大家要投保给所有问题保险。
32.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.大家的腿又冷又沉，感觉就像大冰块。
33.Along the way children dressed in long wool coats sTOPped to look at us.一路上，一些身着羊毛大衣的孩子们停下来看大家。
34.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余晖下闪亮如镜，景色迷人。
35.as usual 像平常一样
36.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. 在某个时刻，大家发现自己置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。
37.We saw many sheep eating green grass. 大家看到羊群在吃草。
38.make camp宿营
39.put up our tent 搭帐篷
40.stay awake 睡不着，醒着
41.at midnight 在半夜
42.for company 做伴
43.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下
44.We can hardly wait to see them.大家迫不及待地想要见到他们。
45.Good luck on your journey. 祝你旅途愉快
46.When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey? 当你出游的时候问什么不记旅游日记呢？
47.see the world through somebody else’s eyes 通过其他人的双眼看世界
48.go in the right direction 走正确的方向
49.The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.乌龟以非常慢的速度行进。If you pace yourself, you will be able to work efficiently. 假如你为自己定好了速度，你就会高效地工作。
50.be similar to 像
51.afford to do sth 付得起，能承担
52.be tired from
因……而疲劳
be tired of 对……厌倦
53.be in high spirits 喜气洋洋，兴高采烈
54.come true 达成，成真
55.Ask them to give you some advice on improving it. 要他们就怎么样改进提一些建议。
56.a guide to… ……的指南
57.on a tour 在游览中，在巡演中
58.in detail 详细地
必学I---unit 4
I---IV Earthquakes
1、要点
1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 目前，假设有一次大地震。
“There +be +主语+其它成分”结构中there为引导词，本身无意义，谓语动词根据就近一致原则。其它相似句型还有：
There happen to be 碰巧有
There seems/appears to be 仿佛有
There is likely to be 可能有
There may/might be 或许有
There must be 肯定有
There can’t be 不可能有
There is said/reported to be 据了解/据报道有
There used to be 过去有
There is sure/certain to be 肯定有
2.
happen to.
It happened that…
Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你听说大卫昨天晚上发生啥事了吗?
What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up? 假如彼得和爱丽丝离婚孩子们将如何解决?
I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇到了彼得。
It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去书店的路上碰巧遇到了彼得。
I happened to be out when he called. 他来访时，恰巧我出去了。
I happened on just the thing I had been looking for. 我偶然发现了我所要找的东西。
3. right away毫不迟疑，立刻
He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了, 你应该立即请医生来。
4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 裂缝里冒出臭气。
5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想吃食。
6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但，这个城市的一百万居民都没把这类状况当一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界好像到了末日。
从句表示“看来仿佛；好像”
① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看着仿佛…
② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…
③ There seems/appears…
There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake.
④ It seems so. =So it seems.看来好像是如此。
8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。
9. Two-thirds of them died or injured during the earthquake. 三人之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。
10. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 死伤的人数达到40多万。
10. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有的大夫和救援职员被困在废墟下面。
11. All hope was not lost.不是所有些期望都破灭了。该句为部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 与every+名词都表示全部一定；但当not 在它们之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not…any, 与 no+名词都表示全部否定。如：
① Both of them haven’t read this story.并不是他们二人都看过这个故事。
② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 这类男生都非常聪明，但没一个人能解出这道题。
③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall. 并不是所有些竹子都长的高。
12. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 救援职员为那些家园被毁的幸存者盖起了避难所。
13. under the weight of
在……重压下，迫于
14. in the open air 在户外，在野外，露天
in the air 在空中，悬而未决
15. take turns to do sth依次，轮流做某事
in turn 依次地，轮流地
It is your turn now.目前轮到你了。
No one is allowed to get his ticket out of turn. 其他人都不准不按次序买票。
16. be shocked at
对……感到震撼
17. be proud of
以……为自豪
18. Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on July 28
19. express one’s thanks to sb /for sth…
对/因……表示感谢
20. without warning 毫无征兆
21. next to紧接着，相邻，次于
22. get away from…
防止，摆脱，离开
23. disarster-hit areas灾区
24. raise money 募捐，筹款
25. Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody. 听英语是一项非常重要的技能，由于只有当大家了解其他人给大家怎么说大家才能与他交谈。
26. It is believed that on the surface of the earth are a number of plates. 大家觉得地球表面是一些板块。
27. hold up举起；托住；支撑；使停滞;耽搁；提出；阻挡；列举，推举；经得住
Women can hold up half of the sky.妇女能顶半边天。
28. make up弥补, 虚构, 缝制, 整理, 包装, 和解, 编辑, 化妆,补足,拼凑
Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.农民只占人口的一小部分.
The boy made up a story; it was not true. 男生编了个故事，这故事不是真的。
29. The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who won the competition.裁判把奖金颁给取得比赛的自行车选手，并向他祝贺。
30. The miners who had been trapped in the mine for two days were finally rescued.被困在煤矿里两天的矿工们最后得到了营救。
31. The reporter recognized that the girl who was so frightened was trying to avoid the question.记者意识到女生非常害怕，而且尽力地回避问题。
32. The big fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks from here. 大火摧毁了离这儿四个街区的两个商店。
33. I can’t express how I am feeling at the moment. 我没办法表达我目前的感觉。
34. It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks. 据了解但真实的，在地震中大家死于倒落的家具和砖块。
35. be fixed to…被固定到……
36. be tied to … 被绑在……
必学 I---Unit 5
I---V Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
1、要点
1. A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 伟人是把我们的生命奉献给帮助其他人的人。（He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生捐躯于这门科学。He devoted himself entirely to music.他将一生奉献给了音乐。）
2. fight against 对抗，反对，与……作斗争
We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在一同反对非正义行为的斗争中, 大家都是同志.
People often have to fight for their liberty.大家总是不能不为自由而战。
He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他与他老婆一直在为由哪个来照看孩子而吵架。
3. He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers. 作为一个大夫他无私地在中国工作，并且拯救了不少中国战士。
4. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.
他倡导三民主义：民主、民权、民生。
5. be free from 免于，不受
A judge must be free from prejudice.法官需要不抱成见。
6. in a peaceful way 以和平的方法
7. be in prison 入狱，在狱中服刑
in the prison 在监狱
8. the same…as…和……一样
9. the first man to land on the moon 第一个登上月球的人
10. The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life. 首次见到他的时候是在我一生中举步维艰的时期。（定语从句）
11. He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此很感激。（He is generous with his money.他烧钱大方。I am grateful to you for helping me.感谢你的帮忙。Our grateful thanks are due to you.大家衷心感谢你。）
12. have little education 受的教育少
13. I could not read or write well. 我既不会读也不会写。
14. I worried about whether I would become out of work. 我担忧我是否会失业。
15. I became more hopeful about my future. 我对我们的将来充满了期望。（I am hopeful that she will come tomorrow. 我对她明天要来抱着期望。）
16. as soon as I could 尽快， 立刻
17. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws sTOPping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. （定语从句） 过去30年来所出现的很多法律剥夺大家的权利，阻挡大家的进步，一直至今，大家还处在几乎什么权利都没的阶段。 （The 19th century saw many changes. 很多变革发生于19世纪。at an early stage in our history
在大家的历史早期）
18. …we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 大家被置于如此一个境地：要么大家被迫同意低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
19. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到这时，大家才决定用暴力反抗暴力。（only 坐落于句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时，句子使用部分倒装的语序；修饰状语从句时，只有主句使用部分倒装的语序。
如：① only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有如此，你才能想出解决这个问题的方法。
② only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才来参加会议。
③ only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的非常重时，他才卧床休息。
only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才了解我的错误.）
20. as a matter of fact 事实上 （As a matter of fact，it is health that counts. 事实上，健康才是非常重要的。 As a matter of fact, parents don’t want their children to be in trouble. 事实上，爸爸妈妈都不期望子女有麻烦。）
21. In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings.
在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。（Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres?
你能借给我个打气筒给汽车轮胎打打气吗?
Then it turned out that some stars, like our own sun will blow up one day. 然后，事实上有的恒星，就像大家我们的太阳，有朝1日会爆炸。）
22. …I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. ……我了解这是为了达成大家的黑人和白人平等的梦想。
23. in trouble 处于困境 遇见麻烦? ?
Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.叫你怎麽做就怎麽做, 不然有麻烦.
24. be willing to do sth. 想，乐于only very few people would be willing to share with him their opinions.极少有人想跟他推荐他们的见解。
25. What was his attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced? 他对黑人面临的不公平处境什么态度？
26. turn to 变成；求助于，借用于, 翻到，转向??
She had no one to turn to for advice.
她没一个可以商量的人。
Who can I turn to in my hour of need? 在我需要的时候我能向哪个求助呢？
As they were out of work,??Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help.布莱克夫妇因为失业，不能不向亲戚求帮助。
27. … the quality of life for black people got worse. …… 黑人的生活水平更糟糕。
28….many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters for human rights 不少人觉得我是为人权而战的第一批积极的黑人战士之一。
29. lose heart 灰心;泄气, 丧失勇气,失去信心
Difficulties were increasing. Even then we did not lose heart. 尽管困难在增加，但大家毫不灰心。
You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.只须你不失去信心，你早晚会成功。
If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going. 假如你失败了，你也不该灰心。
30. escape from 逃脱，逃离，从……逃出
He listens to music as an escape from the pressures of work.
他听音乐以缓解一下工作的重压.
He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention. 他呆在幕后为了避开公众的注意。
The couple had a narrow escape from the fire.这对夫妻从失火中死里逃生。
31. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息时间和晚上大家本应该睡觉的时候他教授大家。
should have done 本应做而未做
needn’t have done 本不应做而做了
can’t have done 过去不可能做过
32. He said they should not be sTOPped from studying for their degrees.他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。
33. …but they did pass their exams. 但他们确实通过了考试。
34. That made me feel good about myself. 这让我感觉自己还很好。
35. be better educated 遭到好教育
36. I didn’t work again for twenty years until the ANC came to power in 1994. 在非国大于1994年执政之前，我有20年没工作。（After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people. 曼德勒掌权成为总统后，他的政府尽力为黑人改变不平等的情况。）
37. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.
我回忆起那时的所有些恐怖和让人畏惧的情景。
After the attack , her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a dog. 自从遭遇袭击之后，她每次看见狗，双眼里都满是恐惧。
38. be proud to do sth.
I'll be proud to be part of it
我会以成为其中一份子而自豪。
be proud of sth
You should be proud of what you have achieved.你们应当为自己所获得的成绩而自豪。
39. set up创立，打造，为…作筹备；竖立，架起，建造；开始营业，开始经商
The company was set up ten years ago.
公司是十年前打造的。
He plans to set up his own business.
他决定自己做买卖。
He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up. 他恳求我让他加入大家刚打造的会所。
40. be sentenced to … 被判处……
He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to death at once.他建议所涉及到的杀人凶手立刻被判处死刑。
Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago. 罗伯特因盗窃被判处三年监禁，于一个月前被释放。
41. Do you have any thoughts on that? 你觉得那如何？
42. to my understanding
按我的理解
43. He was in poor health in his youth so he had to be educated at home. 他年轻时身体不好，所有只得在家同意教育。
44. be accepted by … 被……录取、同意
45. give free medical care to people there
给那儿的人免费医疗
As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.就我所知，在一些发达国家大家享有免费医疗。
46. He died from blood poisoning.
他死于败血症。
47. At that time the war between China and Japan was under way.那时中日战争正在进行之中。
48. Mao Zedong praised Bethune’s excellent qualities in this article. 毛泽东在这篇文章了赞扬了白求恩的优良品质。
49. point of view 察看点；看法
It depends on your point of view.这将因个人看法而异。
50. compete with… 与……角逐??
If you want to compete with someone, compete with yourself. 假如你想同其他人角逐，先同自己角逐。
51. advise
常用搭配
advise + n./pron.
advise + doing
advise sb. to do sth.
advise + that从句（从句的谓语用“should + v原”， should 常省略）
注：1）与advise使用方法类似的动词如forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补（主补）时，宾补（主补）要用不定式。
如：We forbid smoking here.（宾语，用动名词） We forbid you to smoke here.（宾补，用动词不定式） You are forbidden to smoke here.（主补，用动词不定式）
2）不同：advise（劝说）/persuade（劝服）
1)我劝过他，但未能劝服他。_______________________________
Unit 1 Friendship
be good to 对….友好
add up 合计
another time 改时间
get sth done 使…被做
calm down 镇定下来
have got to 不能不
be concerned about 关心；挂念
walk the dog 遛狗
make a list of 列出
share sth with sb 和某人推荐某物
go through 历程；细心检查
hide away 躲藏；隐藏
set down 放手；记下
a series of 一系列；一套
be crazy about 对…着迷
on purpose 故意
in order to/ so as to 为了
face to face 面对面地
according to 根据；依据…所说
get along with 与…相处
pack up 整理，收拾行装
have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹建议；做…有困难
fall in love 相爱
throw away the friendship 舍弃/终止友谊
try out 试验；试用
join in 参加（活动）
communicate with sb 和…交际
far and wide 到处
look to sth 注意，留神某事
cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物
have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯
be ignorant of 无知的
1. I wonder if… 我想了解是不是….
2. It’s because… 这是由于…. 此从句中because不可以用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你觉得一个好朋友应该是哪种呢？
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
=While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。
（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）
5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已经很长时间不可以去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都非常有兴趣。
7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得很了解，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
这是我一年半以来首次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 假如你给我提些建议，我会很感谢的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）
10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来讲是个好习惯。
11. She found it difficult to settle and…
12. This series of readers is very interesting.
13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
Unit2 English around the world
in…ways 在…方面
be different from 与…不同
play a role/ part 在…中担任角色；在…中起用途;饰演一个角色；参与
play an important role/ part 在…中起要紧用途 because of 由于；因为
such as 比如
believe it or not 信不信由你
come up 走进；上来；发生；被讨论
come up with 提出
come up to a place 参观某地
ever before 以前
at the end of 在…末期
even if/ though 即便
be based on 在...基础上
close to 距离…近
make use of （好好/充分）借助
change…into 把…变成
in the early days 在早期
from one place to another 从一处到另一处
take…with…随身携带
the same…as 与…相同的
at present 现在
as a rule 一般；照例
be present at 在席；出席
carry out a rule 实行规则
be absent from 缺席
be a native of 是…人
present sth to sb / present sb with sth
be native to 是…的土产动物/植物
at sb’s request 应某人的需要
have a command of学会
make a request 请求
give commands 命令
request that …+v原形
in one direction 朝一个方向
an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织
in the 1600’s = in the 1600s
as we know 正如大家所知
1. However, they may not be able to understand everything.
（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.
4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.
5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
8. …there is more than one kind of English in the world.
9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.
句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来讲做某事是…
扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth
当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.
eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.
附：
1. either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。
2. be different in
强调在某方面的不同
be different from 强调在各方面的不同
3. in the end 最后，最后 后无of 结构
三个表示最后最后的使用方法：
⑴finally: 根据顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用
⑵at last: 经过长期等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 经过多年曲折斗争努力，终于… 如：战争等
4. 与人交谈，常会有听不了解或听不懂的情形，遇见这样的情况该怎么样开口呢？
⑴Pardon?
⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.
对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍怎么样？
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍怎么样？
⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点怎么样？
5. include ─ including; included
identity ─ identify
actually ─ actual ; rapidly ─ rapid
government ─ govern
wide ─ widen ; broad ─ broaden
foreign ─ foreigner;
solve ─ solution
6. petrol------gas ;
lift------elevator;
flat------apartment
film------movie; sweets----candy;
post------mail
Unit3 Travel Journal
one-way fare 单程票
round-trip fare 往返票
dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事
graduate from 从…毕业
go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅游
persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事
get sb interested in 使某人对… 有兴趣
insist on sth/ doing sth 必须要；坚持要
the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好方法
at an altitude of 在…海拔上
attitude to/ toward 对…态度
care about 忧虑，关心 care for喜欢，照顾
care to do想/赞同做某事
change one’s mind 改变主意
to my mind = in my opinion
make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事
determine to do sth / be determined to do sth （心理） 决心干某事
give in 投降；屈服；让步
give in 上交
give up 舍弃
give up doing/sth
as usual 像平常一样
at midnight 午夜
make camp 野营，宿营
put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷
sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟知
sb be familiar with sth某人熟知某事
can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事
for one thing… for another （用来引出某事的原因）一则… 二则…
take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊
1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.
强调句基本句型：it is/ was…. that….其中指人时可用who，whom。
2. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we find the source of the river.
insist that….+ v原形 坚持要；坚持需要
insist that….陈述语气 坚持说；坚持觉得
3. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?
4. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.
5. Good luck on your journey.
6. The lake shone like glass in the moonlight.
Unit4 Earthquakes
have time to do 有空闲做某事
happen to do 碰巧做某事
shake hands with sb 握手
burst into tears/ laughter
burst out crying/laughing
忽然哭/笑起来
in ruins 成为废墟
cut across 穿过、横穿
blow away 吹走、刮走
fall down 倒塌
rescue workers 救援职员
be pleased to do 乐意做某事
make/ give a speech 发表演说
judging….from 依据……来判断
tens of thousands of 成千上万
dig out 挖掘
a great/ large number of =a great many/good 很多的
be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面
the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛
have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事
come to an end = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事
be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
think little of 对……评价低
invite sb for/ to sth
think highly of 对……评价高
one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3
seventy-five percent 75%
agree with sb
give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽
agree to sth
give off 发出（气味等）
agree to do sth
give away 赠送；泄露
agree on sth 达成一致建议
give back 归还
right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻
as you know 正如你所了解的
be known as 作为……而知名
as is known to all 大家都知道
be known for 因……而出名
as could be expected 正如可以预料到的
it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的
happen= take place= come about= break out
偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发
1. It is always calm before a storm.
2. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake. 此句为There be 句型
3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 目前分词表随着
4. It seemed that the world was at an end.
5. Water, food and electricity were hard to get.
句型：主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义
6. All hope was not lost. all 与not 连用 表示部分否定
7. It’s never too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。
附：分词使用方法 之 作定语
falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水
fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水
Unit5 Nelson Mandela----a modern hero
lose heart 丧失勇气
worry about 担忧（动作）
lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上
be worried about 担忧（状况）
in trouble 处于不幸中
be sentenced to 被判处
be out of work = lose one’s job 失业
be equal to 相等的，平等的
as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 beg for 乞讨
blow up 充气，爆炸
set up 打造，创立；设置，竖起
send up 发射，使上涨
set about 着手做某事
go up 上升，增长；被兴建
set off 出发，动身
set up 设立，打造；设置，竖起
set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth）
be active in = take an active part in 积极参与，在……活跃
keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 为……而死
sTOP sb doing sth
die from 死于（外因）
prevent sb doing sth
die of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）
put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
advice 不可数 a piece of advice
advise doing sth
fight for 为争取……而斗争
advise sb on sth
fight against 为反对……而斗争
advise that + v原
fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth
work out 算出
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble doing sth have a go= have a try
be willing to do sth 乐于做某事
realize one’s dream of 达成…… 的梦想
answer violence with violence 以暴制暴
break the law 违反法律
come to power 当权，上台
social activities 社会活动
equal ------equally ------equality violence ------violent
cruelty ------cruel ------cruelly
educated ------education
willing----unwilling 不想的
active----inactive 不活跃的
1. only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。
only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.
only when his father came back did he go to bed. （从句不需要倒装，主句要倒装）
2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.
他倡导三民主义：民主、民权、民生。
3. I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.
the first time 使用方法等于连词使用方法，用来引导从句
链接：It’s the first time that 目前完成时
It was the first time that 过去完成时
4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
should have done 本应做而未做
needn’t have done 本不应做而做了
can’t have done 过去不可能做过
